An interest only mortgage is a mortgage where the monthly payments made to the lender cover only the interest on the loan. The payments on an interest only mortgage do not pay off the capital borrowed. Usually, in conjunction with making payments to the interest only mortgage, separate payments are also made into an investment vehicle such as an ISA, personal pension or endowment policy in order to build up a lump sum so that at the end of the mortgage term, the invested lump sum is then used to repay the capital borrowed.
The payments made into the investment vehicle are independent to the interest only mortgage and can therefore be reallocated should you wish to remortgage or move home. However, there is no guarantee that the chosen investment vehicle will generate enough funds to repay the capital borrowed at the end of the mortgage term.
Interest Only Repayment Vehicles
There are several different investments that can be used to repay the capital borrowed through an interest only mortgage. These are often known as 'investment vehicles'. The three most common savings vehicles used for interest only mortgage repayment are:
• Endowment
• ISA
• Pension
Endowment
An endowment is a life assurance policy that matures at the same time as the interest only mortgage term ends providing a lump sum that can be used to repay the outstanding mortgage capital. Also, during the mortgage term, the endowment policy provides financial protection that will repay the outstanding mortgage capital in case of death.
An endowment policy is portable and can therefore be reallocated should you wish to remortgage or move home. However, certain endowment policies may carry financial penalties should you decided to stop the policy before the end of the agreed term. Also, there is no guarantee that the final amount in the endowment policy will be enough to repay the balance of the capital borrowed.
ISA
An ISA or Individual Savings Account, is a investment vehicle with an annual investment limit of £7000 set by the government. Under current legislation investments placed in ISAs are tax free, making them very tax efficient investment vehicles. At the end of the mortgage term, the proceeds of an ISA can then be used to repay the capital borrowed.
There are also a wide choice of investments you can use to build up ISA investments, such as cash, stocks and shares and life assurance. If an ISA performs well, your mortgage may well be paid ahead of schedule. However, should the ISA perform badly, there is no guarantee that the final amount will be enough to repay the balance of the capital borrowed. Also, the annual investment limit of £7000 may be unsuitable for some investors with larger mortgage loans. Finally, as there is no life insurance with an ISA a separate life insurance policy will be required.
Pension
A personal pension plan can be used alongside an interest only mortgage where on retirement (or no earlier than age 50) a tax-free lump sum can be taken from the pension in order to repay the capital borrowed. A personal pension is an extremely tax efficient way of repaying your mortgage as not only is the lump sum taken from the pension tax-free, but you will also get income tax relief on your pension contributions.
When using a lump sum from a personal pension plan to repay the mortgage capital, it is worth noting that the lump sum will not be assessable until age 50 or later and that the pension left to live on may be reduced. Also, there is no guarantee that the final amount in the personal pension will be enough to repay the balance of the capital borrowed.
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